Dutch Times
2 hours of hardwork everyday, six monthes long research, with a full time job to do and with an angry wife and three children to look after.- May this hard work be dedicated to ALL brave young men who went to protect their heritage and inspire so many more to rise up and defend our continuity with justice and fairness for ALL within a multi-cultural environment where selfish, lying, two-faced-two-tongued gutless greedy traitors, has no opportunity to play their wicked game of fraud.  ( Dont forget British times, and Portugese times , click on the sheet buttons on the bottom of screen)
1638 Arrival of the Dutch (who has the largest merchant fleet in the world)- has latest & superior equipment, arms & ammo than Portugese. They introduce humble & cunning tactics, & use Lanka with a mean heart.  They fool Sinhalese who judge people on what they say and do.   Three Sinhale send envoys to Goa, and several Dutch messengers landed in the east coast. The treaty was a mutually beneficial one. Dutch insist on on monopoly of spice trade, specially cinnamon. Sinhala king also  to reimberse the cost of the war back to the Dutch over the years. Sinhalas are desperate to make the deal which is more beneficial to Dutch. Dutch has the largest merchant fleet in the world. Latest & superior equipment, arms & ammo than Portugese who are a declining power. They recruit mercenaries from Scandanavian & Germany when manpower was needed.King thinks he is hiring mercenaries to get rid of Portugese. The dutch, despite being forced to be fair for ianability to wage continuous war, never showed any concern for the Sinhala welfare. They were merchants who intended to stay on as long as possible, using military power and humble or cunning tactics to maintain trade monopoly.
1638 Dutch introduce humble & cunning tactics, & use Lanka with a mean heart.  They fool Sinhalese who judge people on what they say and do.    The dutch, despite being forced to be fair for ianability to wage continuous war, never showed any concern for the Sinhala welfare. They were merchants who intended to stay on as long as possible, using military power and humble or cunning tactics to maintain trade monopoly. The dutch would never mix with the locals the way the portugese did. They just used Lanka with meanness of false respect and humbleness which fooled the Sinhalese who judged people on what they say. Dutch resort to business instead of territoral rule.Yet they turn to violance without hesitation if business is threatened. Sinhala who think all whitemen are the same, fail to notice this difference between Portugese and the Dutch. Some Sinhala think the Dutch are good and tempt to cooperate.
1638 The War on Portugese with Dutch help, Begins First attack is on Portugese fort in Battie, attacked by Sinhala army from the ground and Dutch ships from the sea. In May 1638, they surrender.
1639 Dutch find Lankan Cinnamon the best in the world Dutch realises that Lanakan cinnamon iis the best in the world. They decide to monopolise on that trade.
1640 Desperate Portugese demands 50% more cinamon, even from children Portugese increase the amount of cinnamon a family should supply to them from 460,000 pounds to 630,000 pounds. Even children above 12 years were also ordered to supply a quantity of cinnamon. People become very unhappy about this labour-exploitation.
1640 Dutch gives excuses to keep Colombo & Negombo-Sinhalese realises for the 1st time that Dutch is fooling them Dutch hands over Battie & Trinco to Kandy but keep Galle & Negombo with them in order to make monopoly on trade. The excuse is given as the cost of war being not paid fully. Sinhalese get mad.
1640 Village headman must be a Christian Dutch impose this rule after realising there are enough applicants for the job.
1650 British & Danish trade ships begin trade thru Trinco- But they are reluctant to fight the Dutch Dutch admiral in Colombo badly wants to put an end to this, but is advised by Betavia not to wage war until areas are fully consolidated. Kandy king takes interest to establish contacts with the new foreigners. Dutch wants to win Kandy king to their side. Kandy king do not get good feedback from the new foreigners who are reluctant about the cost of taking on the Dutch militarily.
1656 In May, Sinhala army & Dutch win Colombo
1658 Sinhala Army & Dutch take Jaffna from Portugese.
1658 At the end of campaign on Portugese, Dutch cheats Sinhalese by giving a huge war bill - War with Dutch begins After wrapping up the Portugese the Dutch forward a staggering final bill to king of Kandy. They had undervalued the income from spices,  ( cinnamon, arecanut mainly ), elephants, land revenue. King decide to go hostile, realising the cunningness of the Europeans. Sinhala army mount raids in western province.
1659 Dutch Admiral Ryklof Van Goens is controlled by Batavia Dutch admiral want to go on the offensive & take the whole east coast from Kandy. He takes Kalpitiya, a port owned by Kandy king. But he is advised by Betavia to consolidate the areas first & not to wage war for further gains. He is advised to be in peace with Kandy king who might turn to the British or French or Danish for help. He gives Kalpitiya back to Kandy.
1659 Suggestions to move HQ from Betavia to Lanka Admiral Goen believes Lanka is a better place than Betavia & that HQ should be here.
1660 4th April, 1660- Robert Knox is captured- He records the sorry tale of the Sinhalese who are struggling to maintain their principles in life against powerful and different invading elements Kandy troops captures the crew of a British ship that came to Trinco. It include the 19 year old son of the captain. He will live 19 years as a captive and gives vivid account of the Sinhalese whom he doesn't like. He talks about the huge variety of vegetables they eat, long ages and the healthyness of sinhalas, that everyone is a doctor for themselves , men are not jealous of their wives who has the freedom to associate other men as they please, husbands having enough servants and slaves for pleasure., how the trend the Portugese set in had urged the kings , specially king Rajasinghe-2, to resort to inhuman cruelty to maintain power. how people had lost respect for the king, How sinhalas were not discriminating to Catholics who lived among them beleiving everyone has a right to practice any religion etc.
1660 Kandy rescues Muslims again as Dutch chases them away from coastal business ventures Threatened & chased away from the west, Kandy helps the Muslims to resettle in Batticaloa & kandy. They are allowed to build mosques in two temple premises, at Pangollamada mosque in Degaldoruwa vihara, Rambukandana mosque in Kurunegala Ridi Viharaya. Muslims are allowed to be part of Kandyan sociaty while preserving their identity.
1660 Re-establishing British monarchy & abolishing commonwealth The so-called Commonwealth and Protectorate came to an end in 1660 when the monarchy was restored under Charles II, who turned England back to a course of moderate Protestantism.
1663 Dutch become the sole power in South Asia after capturing the last Portugese forts along the Indian coasts.
1665 Shameful & Selfish request to Dutch by Rajasinghe-2 to crush Kandy rebellion by Ambanwala Rala King Rajasinghe-2 whose cruelty has made him unpopular among people,  seek Dutch help. Dutch takes maximum use of this golden opportunity. They consolidate the Kandyan territory that they wanted.
1665 Dutch doubles their area by helping the king ; Foolish King is happy to continue rule A happy Dutch admiral Goen places troops in ruwanvella and Bibilegama in order to expand deeper in to Kandyan land & encourage loyal Sinhalese families to move into new territory to install Dutch-friendly population that can help war into Kandy  & to develop profits from the harvests of these friendly people. He increase naval patrols in the east grabbing Batti & Kottiyar bay. Dutch take over land up to Alavva near MahaOya. Thus, Kandy loses all major ports & the trade profits.
1667 Colombo Dutch is so sure of idiocy of Sinhala rulers, they even ignore Betavia's advise Unable to send reinforcements due to lack of manpower, Betavia advise the Dutch Governer in Colombo, Son of aging Admiral Goen, to offer Kandy the lands occupied in 1665 for peace. Senior Goen advise the son not to & the Offer is never made to Kandy.
1668 Meanwhile people become helpless as Dutch orders Cinnamon to be grown, Revolt against the Dutch in Kadawata against land rules Dutch redistribute the lands among natives under orders to grow cinnamon in one third of every land. People who are used to prioritizing on Rice and vegetables get angry for having someone ordering them to grow something in huge quantities that they cannot eat. They are not happy by having to depend to get paid little for what they grow. In September 1668 people of Kadawata revolt against the Dutch rule.
1670 Revolt developes into south-west coast & Kottiyar, Trinco & Batti Rajasinghe help revolters hoping he could make a deal with the French who are establishing trade in the Indian coasts. The revolt develop to Battie, Trinco & Kottiyar bay.
1670 Madhu Church is built Is built by Helana ,a daughter of a Portugese general who wanted to place the statue of Mary that the fleeing Catholics were carrying away from the Dutch.
1671 French expedition arrives to meet Rajasinghe-2, but refuse to fight the Dutch due to high cost. A French squadron under the command of Admiral DE La Haye arrive in Kottiyar bay. They hold talks with Rajasinghe-2 who is desperate to get their help at this cruicial time of rebellion. French refuse as it will be too costly to enter to war against the Dutch.  The Dutch rushes in troops & force the French fleet out.
1675 Rebellion is crushed after 7 years Dutch manage to win. They only lose Bibilegama which remain in Kandyan hands.
1678 Senior Admiral Goen is promoted to Governer General in Betavia.
1681 Admiral Goen retires in Betavia A sick & a broken man who is depressed he could not gain Kandy retires in Betavia. This enable the  governer in  Lanka, Laurens Pyl to reconsider the peace offer that was never made.
1681 Dutch decide to hold back the offer as King is 80 & sick As Rajasinghe-2 is sick in old age of 80, Dutch decide to wait & see who will succeed him. If he is a weak king the Dutch see no reason why the peacepact should be offered.
1681 Dutch resort to pretending to be humble till king dies. Many Lankans who accepted the foreign rule, thus learn such tactics to be "not shameful" and normal. A shrewed Dutch general kneel before the king Rajasinghe-2 describing how famous he is internationally for his valour, and royalty, they pretend friendliness and coorpoation which Kandy fall for. They open forts for limited trade for Kandy king, send gifts to the king & nobles, pretend to seek permission before they do things like sending peelers in to the forest for cinnamon peeling. Dutch manages to win the trust of Kandyans.
1687 Death of Rajasinghe-2 : The last Sinhalese king the Dutch feared After his death his son Vimaladarmasuriya-2 became king. He enjoys the humbleness & cooperation of the  Dutch at first, but finally fall out in 2 years over Dutch crafty deals to hold monopoly of trade.
1687 Dutch helps the king with ships As a tactic to keep Kandy happy , Dutch help to transport the new Bride for the king from Madurai ( A teligu speaking Nayakkar people who moved to Coramandel coast when the Muslims invaded ) , and also to bring Buddhst monks from Burma to revive Buddhism. 
1687 People detest the King. New King try to win people who detest the father by Reviving Buddhism King Vimaladarmasuriya try to win back the people who disliked his father's creulty. He turn to religion, and build a new 3-storey prasada for the ttoth relic, revoke royal visit to Adam's peak.
1688 Dutch tricks Sinhalese by saying "yes" to Vimaladarmasuriya-2's demand for the ports. Both sides has no strength to wage war.  In order to get rid of unfair monopoly of the Dutch who continue to thrive on the resources of the land, King demand for the ports. Dutch, reluctant to war, gives them, but resort to crafty tactics. They get their ports in India not to issue passports to ships otherthan those coming to Colombo, Galle & Jaffna which are held by the Dutch. Sinhala learn the lesson and reacts the only way they could, by closing roads, to stop Dutch getting raw materials from the Kandy areas. Neither side do not have power to resort to major war.
1689 Britain's balance between Parliament & monarchy power makes it a strong nation to conquer the world During the political turmoil of the 17th century, Britain embraced a political doctrine that strengthened the country for centuries to come, and was passed on to the United States. At various times the Stuart kings had tried to rule without the support of parliament. In reaction, the members of parliament strengthened their claim for representative government, and they made good their claim that they alone had the power to levy taxes. A Bill of Rights adopted in 1689 guaranteed free elections and free parliamentary debates. The bill also restated traditional rights, including prohibitions against excessive bail or fines, and against cruel and unusual punishment. During the 1690s the English philosopher John Locke published several influential essays on government in which he claimed that the power of the rulers is based on the needs of the people. If a ruler abused that power, it was the right of the people to depose that ruler. This was a potent idea in Britain and her colonies, and in 1776 it found its way into the United States Declaration of Independence.
1690 Catholic missions start to receive Royal patronage in Kandy A Roman catholic mission led by Father Joseph Vaz is allowed in to Kandy by the king Vimaladarmasuriya-2, who learns & respect the religion. He even appoint catholic officials to prove to the missionaries that there is no discrimination.
1690 The first Toot relic temple is built on the current site Built by Vimaladarmasuriya-2, it has 3 storeys, the case made of silver & gold , ornamented with 8 stones of preciuos value. 
1694 First Shortage of imported essentials in Lanka ; Result of European trade monopoly & neglect of agriculture Export of spices, elephants, pearls, gems & the import of the pepper, cottn products, tin, zinc, minerals become a dutch monopoly that shoot up prices & create shortages of food & clothing in Lanka. Only the rice imports are not a monopoly. Dutch use warships to bring in food items that are in shortage. Smuggling businesses thrive. Until the restrictions are relaxed enabliing private imports. 
1694 Dutch reluctance to wage war fools Sinhalese who compare them with Portugese Dutch resort to business instead of territoral rule. Yet they turn to violance without hesitation if business is threatened. Sinhala who think all whitemen are the same, fail to notice this difference between Portugese and the Dutch. Some Sinhala think the Dutch are good and tempt to cooperate.
1706 Dutch is repeatedly advised by Betavia not to wage war on Kandy Betavia constantly remind Colombo not to get in to war with Kandy despite numerous civil unrests which get support fromn Kandy. Betavia feels that the biggest weakness of Sinhala king's was Flattery. They advise Colombo to take maximum advantage on it. Also they buy cheap presents to nobles in Kandy who feel that they are well looked after. Dutch resort to business instead of territoral rule. Yet they turn to violance without hesitation if business is threatened. Sinhala who think all whitemen are the same, fail to notice this difference between Portugese and the Dutch. Some Sinhala think the Dutch are good and tempt to cooperate.
1707 4th June,1707- Last Sinhala King - Sri Viraparakrama Narendrasinghe After the death of  VimalaSurendra-2 , his son Sri Viraparakrama Narendrasinghe succeed him. He also get a bride from Madurai like his father. This bride's brother will succeed the king as king does not have a child.
1708 The current Temple of the Tooth-relic is built By King Narendrasinghe, last Sinhala king , .
1708 Oldest Kandy temple - Natha Devalaya By King Narendrasinghe, last Sinhala king , .
1710 Revival of Buddhism & literature Under the excellent religiuos leadership of Saranamkara, a buddhist samanera who lived an excemplary moral life, who was also a poet, a teacher and a speaker, who also gets kings blessings, rebiuld and restore temples. They compose Saratthasamgha , a 11,000 section write-up of the true Buddhist doctrine, and several major compositions.
1710 Decline begins for the last Indian empire before the Europeans Indian disunity following Last Mughal empire, allowed Europeans to gain power. Trading companies hired local soldiers, called sepoys, to protect their holdings. Led by European officers, these armies were so successful that local rulers began hiring European-led sepoy armies for their own ends. Rivalry developed between British and French forces. In a local extension of the Seven Years' War in Europe, the British defeated the French in 1763, paving the way for their political domination of India in the 19th century.
1726 Notorious Dutch Governer - Petrus Vuyst- interference with the judiciary, and framing charges on own Burgher officials Notoriuos for his miuse of power, inhuman punishments, corruption, misrule come to office in Colombo. He interfrers with the judiciary, and frame charges on own officials and Burghers. Within 3 years, He is summoned to Betavia & executed for his crimes against the ruling class of locals.
1729 Governer gets death sentence-Corruption thrives among the Dutch officers Smuggling of spices out & textiles in collabarating with Indian traders, occupying & selling,leasing unoccupied lands, decline in efficiency and administration was a seriuos concern to bethavia. In the worst case the governer is recalled & executed for corruption & malpractices.
1730 Lankan coffe is exported until Dutch stop it to enable their Java tea to grab the market Coffee from Lanka begin to export to India and Arab world thru independent merchants. Dutch discourage it as Javanese coffee begin worldwide export under the Dutch.
1730 Dutch force people to grow pepper & cardamoms As they relied on Kandyan land for these, Dutch force farmers to cultivate them in low country.
1732 Dutch increase taxes on agriculture products, specially cinnamon. Dutch criticise local farming, but waste more in creating a Dutch dependant economy In order to expand the income, the Dutch forces people into cinnamon peeling, which takes 8 monthes of the year inside forests. This lead to peasant unrest. People view it as too rigorous and unpleasant for the pittance the Dutch pay for the product. Dutch try to direct people from cultivations like hena saying it destroys the earth. But Dutch wastes more lands and forests by growing Cinnamon creating an economy that depends on Dutch money to survive. Kandy is quick to help peasants to revolt. 
1733 Kandy prohibit Peeling of cinnamon & sale of elephants In order to stop Dutch from gaining monopoly on trade of the two products.
1736 Fines for Children not attending Christian schools; New Dutch laws creates more civil unrest Fines for children not attending Christian schools, increased taxes and many other unfair taxex lead to continuos civil distrubances. Kandy gives support.
1736 New Dutch Governers peacepact rejected both by Kandy & Bethavia New Dutch governer Baron Van Imhoff, offer of some trade concessions and  3 vessel loads of trade per year from Puttalam to India, both on goods which are not Dutch monopoly, is rejected both by Bethavia & Kandy .
1736 Dutch Governer is advised against military option, to wait till the sick king dies Dutch governer propose a quick military operation helped by Burghers and co-operating Sinhalese, to raid kandy And take king prisoner. But Bethavia reject it as unnecessary, As the king is gravely sick & has no heir. Dutch expect anarchy soon which will help them take Kandy easily.
1736 Van Imhoff become the only Dutch governer to encourage other plantations He encourage people to resort to coffee, and pepper, coconut used for making arrack.
1736 Governer Van Imoff control corruption to a great extent The widespread corruption by the officers themselves, is controlled best by this governer.
1737 A printing press start publishing Christian propaganda in Colombo They print in Sinhala and Tamil.
1739 Death of Last Sinhalese king - 13 th May, 1739 King Narendrasinghe dies with no one to succeed him. The fair and non-discriminatory ministers appoint  Madurai queen's younger brother to the throne as Sri Vijaya Rajasinghe. He will rule according to the Buddhist philosophy.
1739 First Non-Sinhalese King - he rules for 8 years without dissappointing Sinhala people Sr Vijaya Rajasinghe , a nayakkar become the king. He is the younger brother of the widowed queen. Nayakkar's speak Teligu. He remain religiuos and loyal to Sasana respecting the trust placed on him by the officials.  He will not dissapoint the Sinhalese who chose him. He brings a wife from Madura.
1740 Nayakkar Kings revival of Buddhism He hold a huge festival of the tooth relic, sponsored Bikkus on their writing, and practices, temples were built, a festival of lamps where all temples in all towns, including samantakuta, anuradapura, Mahiytanganaya, had offering of lamps - which was a magnifient festival of 796,600 lamps. Efforts to rebuild Anuradapura and Polonnnaruwa met with big problems of dense jungle, malaria and lack of resources and not successful.
1740 Cinnamon prices doubles in Europe & Dutch demand only cinnamon to be cultivated. Low country now depends on the Dutch money. Dutch quickly impose severe restrictions on use of land for anything otherthan Cinnamon. This lead to long term consequences of shoratge of rice and famine when people are deprived of export income. It creates a society that depend on the Dutch trade contacts. Even if Kandy takes over the low lands they have no way of feeding the people in low country as they do not grow others in sufficient quantities.
1740 Proof of Lanka's weapon-manufacturing five feet long, 0.55 calibre gun that uses a flint-lock, now in display in Windsor castle in Holland, is a classic proof of the good weapon-manufacturing art in Lanka.
1741 Hoping the Nayakkar King will ignore, Catholic Missionaries start dirty tactics on Buddhists The Portugese missions started bribing to lure people. They publicly criticise Buddhism showing no respect, hoping new Nayakakr king will ignore the acts, But King ordered the dwellings of such organisations to be destroyed along with the books.
1742 Dutch help the King with ships Dutch help the king to bring in monks from thailand and Burma to revive Buddism.
1743 "You dirty missionaries are responsible for several disasters" First Nayakkar king persecute Christian Churches Noticing certain religiuos missions are involved in unpatriotic, competing and predatory tactics, king persecute several Christian missions who he says are responsible for several disasters that the country could not avoid.
1743 Dutch ban all religions except Calvinism. All major religions incl Buddhism , Hinduism, Islam, and RomanCatholism are banned.
1743 Government jobs are offered to calvinists, increasing the number of enrollers from 53219 it increase to over 200,000 by 1758 in just 15 years. In Jaffna alone there are 37 churches.
1745 Dutch appoints Muhandirams to rule villages These headmaen in villages collected taxes and maintained planning of labour services, and control of the villagers under the Dutch.
1746 British finds out Trinco is the safest harbour in the region. British eastern fleet uses Trinco to shelter during Monsson storms for the first time & realise it is the safest harbour in the region to take shelter.
1747 First public display of anti-Christian feelings Sinhalese begin to realise the aggressive expansion methods of the Christianity which the Colombo support. Kandyan public rise up in protest to stop erection of a church and a catholic school.
1747 Death of first Nayakkar King- Sri Vijaya Rajasinghe 11th august 1747, first Nayakkar king died after 8 years of rule.
1747 World's biggest Esala Perahera start in Kandy The biggest Esala perahera in the world today is held in August. It was held when the tooth relic was first brought in during Anuradapura era in 301 AD.
1747 Classic example of Buddhist tolerance even amidst so much hostility; Nayakkar king orders Hindu temples to take part in Perahera In order to show religiuos tolerance, The Nayakkar king orders the 4 Hindu Kovils in Kandy, who has a reputation of  predominant religious activity, to participate in the perahera. This tradition continues even today. Showing the tolerance and the openness of Buddhists, the 4 Hindu Devales get the honour of leading the perahera with the procession from Dalada maligawa following them.
1747 Second Nayakkar King - Kirti Sri Rajasinghe rule for 35 years Another brother of the same Nayakkar queen of the last Sinhalese king, become king after his own brother's death as KirtiSri Rajasinghe.
1749 2nd Nayakakr king, to improve Buddhism, seek for help from Thailand again. He cleans the Sasanaya by disrobing bad monks. On advise from many wise people and monks, He cleans the sasana by disrobing ill-disciplined monks who had resorted to astrology and sorcery. Realising that there aren't enough Bikkus to ensure the safety of Buddism, King sends a delegation to King Dammika of Thailand thru Dutch ships. Thai king is deeply moved by the state in Lanka and send handpicked learnt Bikkus, books, statues. Efforts to rebuild Anuradapura and Polonnnaruwa met with big problems of dense jungle, malaria and lack of resources and not successful. But he repairs all temples in Kandy kingdom.
1749 King builds the present stone wall around SriMahaBodiya & A'pura people dare the jungles to protect it. A'pura deserted, but pious people still dare to visit & look after the place, wild elephants threaten to topple the tree, people, mainly a'pura people,  collect firewood in rosters & bring them in columns of processions to scare away the wild animals, & light them up every night around the tree area. under supervision of Attadassi Thero, kings orders the new wall to be built, 10 ft high, 5 ft wide, 338 ft long N to S, 274 long e to w,
1752 3000 young men become monks King participates in an Esala fullmoon poyaday ceremony where the Thai monks and the good Lankan monks hold a massive ceremony of admission in Kandy. Thai monks hold lectures and classes. They visit the 16 sacred places in Lanka. New temples and monastries are biult.
1760 Sinhala Revolt against New Dutch Laws A violent pretest spread in low countries against the Dutch against new rules by Governer Jan Schreuder.
1760 Dutch introduce laws to Sinhalese who needed no laws due to fine Sinhala principles and Buddhist philosophy Noticing that the Sinhalese do not have laws written ( unlike the Tamils having Thesavalami, and Muslims having the Islamic law) Dutch force Roman Dutch Law on Sinhalese that control registry of marriage, monogomy, inheritance of property, Sinhalese detest these laws. They have practised their good principles and philosophy for centuries.
1761 Kandy invades low country to help the revolt Kandyan army helped by the protesors take Matara and Hanwella forts. Dutch advance to Kandy but are driven back.
1761 Nationalist Conspiracy in Kandy
1762 Dutch capture Chilaw & Puttalam
1763 Dutch expedition is beaten in Kandy Dutch is beaten in guerilla war.
1764 Kandy starts talks with the British KirtiSriRajasinghe, 2nd Nayakkar king, started talks with the Madras based English East India Co. British already have access to Trinco in an agreement with the Dutch. British only interested in the coastal supremacy and reluctant to give anything to Kandy.
1765 The Dutch launches the biggest offensive ever using Javaka troops Angered by Kandyans talks with the British, Dutch make decision to take Kandy.  Governer Baron Van Eck attack kandy from 2 fronts. He himself lead an army from Colombo ,and win galagedara. Another front from Puttalam reach Katugastota.
1765 Dutch takes the 1745 Cannon from Kandy Dutch captures from Kandy, a Cannon locally made & presented to King in 1745, & Dutch governer gift it to an Aristocrat in Holland. This is still on display in Raix museum in Holland.
1765 Kandy falls to the Dutch : Dutch destroys the beautiful Kandy temple. Beautiful Rajamaha Viharaya on Mahaveli Ganga is destroyed by the invaders. Kandy king KirtiSri Rajasinghe flees, Tooth relic is captured by the enemy on the way to the mountains & taken to Colombo. After 3 weeks in Kandy, Governer Eck comes to Colombo & dies of disease in a few days. Meanwhile Kandyans surround the Dutch army in Kandy.
1766 Dutch troops in Kandy die of Starvation & disease Hit by famine & cut off by the Sinahala Army the Dutch begin to take casualties.
1766 Kandyan kingdom is hit by famine due to war Years of gradual neglect on agriculture, and dependence on imports and income on export creates a famine during the war in Kandy.
1766 Using famine as a tactic, Dutch fools the king into an unfair peacepact Dutch governer Falck manages to get the king into a good deal favourable to the Dutch. Kandy loses all coastal areas & will depend on Dutch discretion to trade. Kandy get cut-off completely from the sea. Dutch is happy that the king can no longer freely communicate with foreign powers.
1766 Dutch try now to cultivate rice due to shortage Decades of neglect cause rice shortages and price hikes. Rice is imported from India already.
1766 Urubokka Dam by the Dutch -Only irrigation project since Polonnaruwa era Dutch build the dam in order to boost rice production in the area after realising that importing rice is not a cost-effective idea. They also do a second irrigation project In Akkaraipattu.
1770 Proof of a large dagaba in Athchuveli Phillipus Baldaeus-a Dutch living in Jaffna for 9 years speaks of a great pagoda in Atchuveli, where the Portugese army beat the Last Sinhala army unit in the peninsula.
1770 James Cook lands on Australia & discovers Aboriginees. They are surprised that the locals were not interested in the gifts and trade goods that the crew offered them. It was ship's botanist who suggests it should be developed as a colony. In April 1770 James Cook and his crew, on the Endeavour, sighted the east coast of Australia, becoming the first Europeans to do so. A few days later the ship sailed into a large bay to collect fresh water. The ship's botanist, Joseph Banks, collected so many samples of plants unknown to European science that Cook named the place Botanist's Bay, later shortened to Botany Bay. Cook noted that the inhabitants, although very poor in material wealth, seemed contented as they were, and were not interested in the gifts and trade goods that the crew offered them. It was Joseph Banks who later recommended to the British government that Botany Bay should be developed as a European settlement and a penal colony.
1781 Britain declares war on Dutch War breaks out between them for supremacy & Dutch bars British ships from entering Trinco.
1782 Second nayakkar King, KirtiSri Rajasinghe falls off the horse & dies After ruling for 35 years without disaapointing the Sinhalese, he dies without an heir.
1782 January- British captures Trinco drom the Dutch In January, 1782, Dutch lose Trinco to the British. British will lose it in 7 monthes to the French
1782 August - French captures Trinco from the British British become desperate to re-capture Trinco, as it is a safe harbour during the monsoon storms between Oct & April. British eastern Fleet used this port to shelter 15 out of 40 monsoons between 1746-1795.
1782 Third Nayakakr King - Rajadi Rajasinghe Younger brother of the last king take over & continue in the good religious ways improving Buddhism.
1782 Non-Sinhalese King writes a Jataka Poem Though being Non-Sinhalese, the 3rd Nayakkar king, in the footsteps of his 2 brothers before him learn & have thorough respect & a knowledge of Buddhism. He write a poem named Asadisa Jatakaya.
1782 At last a King questions the real motives of foreign delegations, in the second British arrival A second British diplomatic mission arrives in Kandy seeking help to feed their army fighting to take Trinco from the French in return for military support against the Dutch. King with wisdom, ask them to produce more convincing proof of good faith before agreeing to any treaty.
1785 Dutch Governer's request to invade Kandy is refused by Betavia ( Dutch power is so weak) De Graaf, the new Dutch governer see how he could dominate all trade if Kandy is taken. But his proposal is rejected by Betavia who warns that there is no resources left to wage war of that calibre. He is asked to maintain false friendly relationship.
1789 Fierce rebellion in Matara against the Dutch Angered by the Dutch pushes to increase production people rise up in anger.
1789 Power-hungry Pilimatalawe passes information to the Dutch On his intelligence, the Dutch intercepts a letter king was sending to the British requesting a deal with the French to oust the Dutch.
1790 Governer De Graaf resigns in protest as Betavia advised him to slow down As the rebellion spread to Chilaw and Puttalam, Betavia advise the governer De Graaf to slow down in his too harsh laws.
1795 British take Trinco,Jaffna & Battie in  August,1795 without resistance from the Dutch
1796 Third Bitish delegation arrives in Kandy & innocent king falls into the trap by believing their lies and deceit.……….. Led by Robert Andrews they arrive in good time when King was very unhappy with the Dutch for their desperate attempts to keep monopoly. British offer an outlet for Kandy to obtain salt & fish, and to operate 10 ships. King wants more ports and an assurance that the Dutch areas do not fall into British control. But British really seeks only a resistance of the king that will keep at least some of the Dutch troops tied down  enabling the British to beat the Dutch with the least casualties. They also fighten the king about the fall of the monarchs giving French revolution as an example, & shows that only the British can help monarchs around the globe.   
1796 15 th Feb, 1796, British take Colombo & Lanka from the Dutch without resistance & breaks the promise given to Sinhalese who are faced with the most powerful enemy in the world now. British Navy advances along the coast to Negombo, & then on foot they cross Kelani river to reach Colombo. They humiliate the Sinhala army from Kandy that came to help by sending them back saying they are not needed. British also send the Sinhala army that took Matara from the Dutch on the 2nd February back within 22 days. The British had used Kandy only to tie the Dutch troops in forts. Thus the joint elements of Briitish East India co. & British Govt. took the entire coastline and the land 20 miles interior. Kandy is faced with the most powerful enemy in the world now.
Dedicated to All young men and their families who lost their future irrecoverably and hopelessly while trying to defend our heritage and freedom, justice and fairness for ALL. Please do learn the lessons from the history. Otherwise all these sacrifices will be a waste.